Water supply network design for residential, commercial, Bungalow plotting Town ships involves considering several factors such as the water demand, pipe material, flow rate, and pressure requirements. Here are the general steps for sizing water supply mains from an elevated storage reservoir (ESR) to individual buildings:
Determine the water demand: Calculate the water demand for each building or unit based on its fixtures and appliances. Consider factors such as the number of occupants, fixture units, and peak usage times. Fixture unit values can be found in plumbing codes or guidelines.
Determine the available pressure: Measure the pressure at the outlet of the ESR or consult local water supply authorities for the available pressure. This value is typically given in pounds per square inch (psi) or meters of head.
Determine the required pressure: Determine the minimum pressure required at the building or fixture. This value is often specified by plumbing codes or guidelines. It is usually given in psi or meters of head. Typical values range from 20-80 psi or 10-40 meters of head.
Account for pressure losses: Calculate the pressure losses in the pipes and fittings based on the flow rate and pipe material. Pressure loss can be determined using the Hazen-Williams equation, Darcy-Weisbach equation, or other accepted methods. The pressure loss is affected by pipe length, pipe diameter, flow rate, pipe roughness, and fittings.
Select an appropriate pipe material: Consider the pipe material based on factors such as cost, availability, durability, and local plumbing codes. Common pipe materials include copper, galvanized steel, PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), PEX (Cross-linked Polyethylene), and HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene).
Calculate the pipe size: Use the pressure loss calculations, available pressure, and required pressure to determine the appropriate pipe size. Pipe size is typically specified in inches or millimeters and represents the internal diameter of the pipe.
Account for future growth: Consider potential future water demands and expansions when sizing the pipes. It is generally recommended to provide for future growth by oversizing the pipes or leaving space for future upgrades.
Consult local codes and regulations: Ensure compliance with local plumbing codes, regulations, and guidelines. Local authorities may have specific requirements for pipe sizing, materials, and installation practices.
Design the distribution system: Once the pipe sizes are determined, design the water distribution system layout, including pipe routing, fittings, valves, and any necessary pressure-reducing or control devices.
Keywords
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PEX
PVC
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HDPE
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flow rate
20-80 psi
occupants
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appliances
expansions
pipe sizes
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Town ships
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local codes
pipe sizing
pipe length
regulations
10-40 meters
availability
pipe routing
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pipe diameter
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fixture units
Typical values
pipe roughness
pressure losses
future upgrades
control devices
several factors
galvanized steel
minimum pressure
peak usage times
internal diameter
required pressure
Local authorities
water supply mains
Polyvinyl Chloride
available pressure
Fixture unit values
individual buildings
local plumbing codes
pressure requirements
Common pipe materials
specific requirements
appropriate pipe size
other accepted methods
installation practices
Hazen-Williams equation
Darcy-Weisbach equation
High-Density Polyethylene
Cross-linked Polyethylene
appropriate pipe material
pressure loss calculations
elevated storage reservoir
necessary pressure-reducing
Water supply network design
local water supply authorities
potential future water demands
water distribution system layout
residential, commercial, Bungalow
